The world in
What happened in 1824?
16 events across 5 world regions, each with its sources.
Europe
Unification of ItalyThe unification of Italy, also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th-century political and social movement that consolidated various states of the Italian peninsula into the single Kingdom of Italy. On 17 March 1861 the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in Turin, and the process completed in 1871 with Rome as the capital, following its capture in 1870.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Sebastiano De Albertis / Public domain ↗
Formation of the University of ManchesterThe University of Manchester was formed by the merger of the Victoria University of Manchester and the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, becoming a public research university. It is a red brick university and a founding member of the Russell Group, with its campus on Oxford Road in Manchester, spanning 270 hectares with 229 teaching buildings.
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Caucasian WarThe Caucasian War was a 19th-century conflict of conquest by the Russian Empire against various peoples of the North Caucasus, lasting from 1817 to 1864. Imam Shamil led fierce resistance, repeatedly repelling Russian attacks, until the fall of Gunib and his capture in 1859. The war ended with the final subjugation of the Circassians and the annexation of the region in 1864.
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Outbreak of the Russo-Circassian WarIn 1763, the Russian Empire invaded Circassia and occupied Mozdok, prompting the Circassian people to organize a resistance movement to preserve their independence, marking the beginning of the Russo-Circassian War. This conflict became the longest war in the history of the Caucasus and of Russia, ending in 1864 with the defeat of Circassian forces.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Heinrich Ambros Eckert / Public domain ↗
- Signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty (also known as the Treaty of London) was signed on 17 March 1824 in London to resolve disputes between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands over trade and spheres of influence in the Malay Archipelago. The treaty broadly shaped the later territories of Malaysia and Indonesia, and determined the future of Singapore.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
Founding of the National GalleryIn 1824, the National Gallery was founded in London, with the initial aim of creating a national art institution through the government's purchase of a private collection. Located on the north side of Trafalgar Square, it houses over two thousand paintings from the mid-13th century to 1900, later becoming a major global art museum.
Construction of the Church of the Ascension in YasiniaThe Church of the Ascension is a wooden church in Yasinia, Ukraine, built around the early 19th century. It preserves the original iconostasis from its construction period and is an architectural monument of national significance.
Founding of the Museo EgizioIn 1824, the Museo Egizio in Turin, Italy, was founded by King Charles Felix, becoming the world's oldest museum dedicated entirely to ancient Egyptian culture.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Georgius LXXXIX at Italian Wikipedia / Public domain ↗
Establishment of Manchester Art GalleryIn 1824, Manchester Art Gallery was established as a public art museum in Manchester, northwest England. Its collection spans three connected buildings, and its main premises were originally built for a learned society in 1823.
North America
Spanish American wars of independenceA series of armed conflicts in the early 19th century across Spanish American colonies, aiming to end Spanish rule and achieve political independence. The conflicts were fought primarily between Royalists, who supported a unitary Spanish monarchy, and Patriots, who sought autonomy or independence. This ultimately led to the separation and independence of most of Spanish America, occurring roughly between 1808 and 1833, and closely linked to the Napoleonic Wars and the Peninsular War in Spain.
Completion of Blair HouseIn the early 19th century, a mansion was completed on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C., which later became the official guest house for the President of the United States. Facing the White House, it has been used as a state guest house since the 1940s and has been called ‘the world’s most exclusive hotel’.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Carol M. Highsmith / Public domain ↗
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Founding of the Franklin InstituteIn 1824, the Franklin Institute was founded in Philadelphia, USA, named after Benjamin Franklin, and is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States.
Central & South America
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Battle of AyacuchoThe Battle of Ayacucho, fought on December 9, 1824, on the highlands near Ayacucho, Peru, was the decisive engagement of the Peruvian War of Independence. Patriot forces under Antonio José de Sucre defeated royalist troops led by Viceroy José de la Serna. The battle secured Peru's independence and effectively ended Spanish rule in South America, though some resistance continued.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Martín Tovar y Tovar / Public domain ↗
Battle of JunínThe Battle of Junín was a large cavalry engagement of the Peruvian War of Independence, fought on 6 August 1824 in the Junín highlands. After the royalists retook Lima in February, Simón Bolívar regrouped his rebel forces in Trujillo and moved south in June to confront the Spanish army under Field Marshal José de Canterac. The two forces met on the Plain of Junín, with the patriot victory paving the way for the decisive Battle of Ayacucho.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Martin Tovar y Tovar / Public domain ↗
South Asia
First Anglo-Burmese WarThe First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826) was the first of three conflicts between the British Empire and the Burmese Konbaung dynasty. It began over control of northeastern India, with Burma initiating hostilities, and ended in a decisive British victory. Britain gained Assam, Manipur, Cachar, Jaintia, Arakan, and Tenasserim; Burma paid an indemnity of one million pounds sterling and signed a commercial treaty.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: J.Moore (fl. 1825) (see British Museum page on the artist and this list of his works which includes the detail that it w / Public domain ↗
Oceania
Musket WarsThe Musket Wars were a series of large-scale armed conflicts among Māori tribes in early 19th-century New Zealand, involving up to 3,000 battles and raids from around 1807 to 1842. Sparked by an intertribal arms race following the acquisition of muskets, the wars sought territorial gain or revenge, causing tens of thousands of casualties and enslavements, profoundly altering tribal boundaries, and influencing later New Zealand Wars.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Merrett, Joseph Jenner, 1816-1854. / Public domain ↗
Around 1824
These are known only to the century, not to the year. They are listed separately so a rough date is never mistaken for an exact one.
- Outbreak of the Black War
- Emergence of the Enlightenment
- Museum Island construction begins
- Completion of Dom Pedro V Theatre
- Establishment of Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Industrial Heritage
- Construction of Hôtel Solvay begins
- Founding of Kulangsu as an International Settlement
- Construction of the Four Hydraulic Boat Lifts on the Canal du Centre begins