The world in
What happened in 1822?
8 events across 5 world regions, each with its sources.
Europe
- Unification of Italy
The unification of Italy, also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th-century political and social movement that consolidated various states of the Italian peninsula into the single Kingdom of Italy. On 17 March 1861 the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in Turin, and the process completed in 1871 with Rome as the capital, following its capture in 1870.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
- Caucasian War
The Caucasian War was a 19th-century conflict of conquest by the Russian Empire against various peoples of the North Caucasus, lasting from 1817 to 1864. Imam Shamil led fierce resistance, repeatedly repelling Russian attacks, until the fall of Gunib and his capture in 1859. The war ended with the final subjugation of the Circassians and the annexation of the region in 1864.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
- Outbreak of the Russo-Circassian War
In 1763, the Russian Empire invaded Circassia and occupied Mozdok, prompting the Circassian people to organize a resistance movement to preserve their independence, marking the beginning of the Russo-Circassian War. This conflict became the longest war in the history of the Caucasus and of Russia, ending in 1864 with the defeat of Circassian forces.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
- Founding of the Bois du Cazier coal mine
In 1822, the Bois du Cazier coal mine was established in Marcinelle, near Charleroi, in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. It operated as a coal extraction site for over a century, later remembered for a major mining disaster in 1956 and its subsequent preservation as an industrial heritage site.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
Central & South America
- Battle of Pichincha
On 24 May 1822, independence forces under General Antonio José de Sucre defeated Spanish royalist troops on the slopes of the Pichincha volcano near Quito, at an altitude of 3,500 meters. A decisive battle of the Ecuadorian War of Independence, it led to the liberation of Quito and secured independence for the territories of the Real Audiencia de Quito, paving the way for the future Republic of Ecuador.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
North America
- Spanish American wars of independence
A series of armed conflicts in the early 19th century across Spanish American colonies, aiming to end Spanish rule and achieve political independence. The conflicts were fought primarily between Royalists, who supported a unitary Spanish monarchy, and Patriots, who sought autonomy or independence. This ultimately led to the separation and independence of most of Spanish America, occurring roughly between 1808 and 1833, and closely linked to the Napoleonic Wars and the Peninsular War in Spain.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
Oceania
- Musket Wars
The Musket Wars were a series of large-scale armed conflicts among Māori tribes in early 19th-century New Zealand, involving up to 3,000 battles and raids from around 1807 to 1842. Sparked by an intertribal arms race following the acquisition of muskets, the wars sought territorial gain or revenge, causing tens of thousands of casualties and enslavements, profoundly altering tribal boundaries, and influencing later New Zealand Wars.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
South Asia
- Founding of the Basilica of Our Lady of Graces, Sardhana
In 1822, the Basilica of Our Lady of Graces was founded in Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh, India, commissioned by the local Catholic ruler Begum Samru.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
Around 1822
These are known only to the century, not to the year. They are listed separately so a rough date is never mistaken for an exact one.
- Outbreak of the Black War
- Emergence of the Enlightenment
- Museum Island construction begins
- Completion of Dom Pedro V Theatre
- Establishment of Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Industrial Heritage
- Construction of Hôtel Solvay begins
- Founding of Kulangsu as an International Settlement
- Construction of the Four Hydraulic Boat Lifts on the Canal du Centre begins