The world in
What happened in 1925?
21 events across 9 world regions, each with its sources.
Europe
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Rise of Fascism as a Political IdeologyFascism emerged as a far-right political ideology and movement in Europe during the 1920s and early 1930s, notably in Italy and Germany. Its core features included veneration of a dictatorial leader, ultranationalism, violent suppression of opposition, and strict regimentation of society and economy. Opposed to communism, democracy, and liberalism, its rise was closely tied to post-World War I economic and social crises.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Unidentified photographer / Public domain ↗
Signing of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSROn December 30, 1922, the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was signed at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, officially establishing the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Plenipotentiary delegates from the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian, and Byelorussian Soviet republics signed the treaty, along with a declaration serving as its preamble. The treaty legally formalized the political union of the Soviet republics that had existed since 1919, creating a new federal government with centralized functions in Moscow. Legislative power was vested in the Congress of Soviets and the Central Executive Committee, while executive power lay with the Council of People's Commissars.
- Signing of the Geneva Protocol
On 17 June 1925, the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (commonly known as the Geneva Protocol) was signed in Geneva, Switzerland. It was the first international treaty to prohibit the use of chemical and biological weapons in international armed conflicts, and it entered into force on 8 February 1928.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
Hufeisensiedlung construction beginsThe Hufeisensiedlung is a modernist housing estate in Berlin-Britz whose construction began in 1925, led by architect Bruno Taut together with municipal planning head Martin Wagner. The name derives from a horseshoe-shaped building arrangement within the development. It later became part of the Berlin Modernism Housing Estates World Heritage site.
Locarno TreatiesIn October 1925 at Locarno, Germany, France, Britain, Belgium, Italy, Poland, and Czechoslovakia concluded seven agreements. The core pact guaranteed the inviolability of Germany’s borders with France and Belgium and respect for the Rhineland’s demilitarized status, committing disputes to peaceful settlement under the League of Nations. Separate arbitration treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia were made, but Germany’s eastern borders received no guarantee.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Unknown Unknown / CC BY-SA 3.0 de ↗
Formation of StrombolicchioA sea stack in Italy's Aeolian Islands, formed as the eroded remnant of Stromboli's original volcanic plug from about 200,000 years ago. It is now a protected natural reserve, uninhabited.
Jasov Cave inscribed as World HeritageJasov Cave is a speleothem limestone cave and archaeological site in the Slovak Karst, Slovakia. Due to its unique diversity of speleothems and its testimony to tropical and temperate cave-forming processes, the cave has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list as part of the Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst site.
San Siro Stadium Construction BeginsConstruction of the San Siro stadium began in the mid‑1920s in Milan, Italy. Located in the San Siro district, it would become the shared home of AC Milan and Inter Milan, famed for the Derby della Madonnina. In 1980 the stadium was named after Giuseppe Meazza, yet the San Siro name remains widely used.
Inauguration of Stadio Renato Dall'AraIn 1927, the Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, originally called Stadio Littoriale, was inaugurated in Bologna, Italy. Designed by Giulio Ulisse Arata, it became the home of Bologna FC and was noted for its innovative integration of stands into the architecture, a model later adopted worldwide.
Completion of the First GoetheanumThe first Goetheanum was completed in 1925 in Dornach, Switzerland, as the world center for the anthroposophical movement. Designed by Rudolf Steiner and named after Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, it housed performance halls, a gallery, a library, and served as the headquarters of the Anthroposophical Society.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Wladyslaw ( talk ), edits by: Dontpanic (aka Dogcow) / CC BY-SA 3.0 ↗
North Africa
Rif War beginsIn 1921, armed conflict broke out between Spain and Berber tribes of the Rif region in northern Morocco. Led by Abd el-Krim, Rifian forces used guerrilla tactics and captured Western weaponry to repeatedly defeat Spanish troops. France intervened in 1925, escalating the war, which ended with the surrender of the Rifian resistance.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: José Moreno Carbonero / Public domain ↗
Outbreak of the French conquest of MoroccoIn 1907, France began its conquest of the Sultanate of Morocco by occupying Oujda on 29 March. Subsequent military campaigns led to the Treaty of Fes in 1912, establishing the French protectorate, while pacification operations continued until 1934.
Central Asian steppe
- Outbreak of the Basmachi Movement
In 1916, an uprising by Muslim peoples of Central Asia against tsarist conscription and colonial rule broke out in Turkestan, marking the beginning of the Basmachi movement. This decentralized resistance later turned against Soviet rule and became the most protracted anti-colonial armed struggle in the region, gradually subsiding only by 1934.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
Kyrgyz National UniversityThe Kyrgyz National University is a national university in Kyrgyzstan, named after the Maturidi poet Jusup Balasagyn. Its founding date is unknown.
West Asia
Sheikh Said rebellionIn February–March 1925, a Kurdish rebellion led by Sheikh Said broke out in southeastern Turkey, aiming to restore the caliphate and sultanate against the newly secular republic. Supported by the Azadî movement and local religious and feudal leaders, the revolt drew mainly Zazas, with some Kurmanji participation.
The Marble Palace was constructed around the early 20th centuryThe Marble Palace is a historic building in central Tehran, Iran, which served as a royal residence for the Pahlavi dynasty. It was built in a quiet residential neighborhood in the city center. After the Iranian Revolution, the palace was used by various state institutions for decades.
Central & South America
Banana WarsBetween 1898 and 1934, the United States carried out a series of military occupations, police actions, and interventions in Central America and the Caribbean. These operations were primarily conducted by the United States Marine Corps, which compiled the Small Wars Manual (1921) based on its experiences.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: A. R. Harrison, United States Marine Corps / Public domain ↗
North America
University of MiamiThe University of Miami is a private research university founded in 1925 in Coral Gables, Florida, with multiple colleges and over 350 academic majors.
South Asia
Darul Aman PalaceDarul Aman Palace is a three-story European-style palace located about 16 km southwest of central Kabul, Afghanistan, in the Darulaman locality. Surrounding buildings include the National Assembly, the National Museum of Afghanistan, and the Afghan International University. Damaged by years of war, its restoration began in 2018.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Cpl Matthew Roberson, USMC/USAID / Public domain ↗
Sub-Saharan Africa
Establishment of Virunga National ParkThe oldest national park in Africa was established in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, originally named Albert Park, with the initial goal of protecting mountain gorillas.
SourcesUNESCO World Heritage listing ↗Wikipedia ↗Image: Ad Meskens / CC BY-SA 3.0 ↗
Oceania
Opening of the Australian War MemorialThe Australian War Memorial was officially opened in Canberra. It is dedicated to all Australians who died in war and serves as a museum and archive. The grounds include multiple buildings and a sculpture garden, with the main galleries in the Memorial Building.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Capital photographer ( talk ) / CC BY-SA 3.0 ↗
Around 1925
These are known only to the century, not to the year. They are listed separately so a rough date is never mistaken for an exact one.
- Completion of the Taipei Grand Mosque
- Establishment of Women's Suffrage Worldwide
- Establishment of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park
- Construction of Grimeton Longwave Radio Station
- Construction of the Trans-Iranian Railway begins
- Construction of the 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright Begins
- Construction of the Historic Monuments of Dengfeng in 'The Centre of Heaven and Earth'
- Establishment of the Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains