The world in
What happened in 1771?
9 events across 4 world regions, each with its sources.
Europe
- Industrial Revolution
A transition in manufacturing processes that began in Great Britain around the 1760s and spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840. It was marked by the replacement of human and animal power with machinery and of handicraft with factory production, signaling a historic shift from agrarian to industrial society.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
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Caucasian WarThe Caucasian War was a 19th-century conflict of conquest by the Russian Empire against various peoples of the North Caucasus, lasting from 1817 to 1864. Imam Shamil led fierce resistance, repeatedly repelling Russian attacks, until the fall of Gunib and his capture in 1859. The war ended with the final subjugation of the Circassians and the annexation of the region in 1864.
Russo-Turkish War breaks out (1768)In 1768, a major armed conflict broke out between the Russian and Ottoman Empires. Russian armies achieved a series of victories, bringing Southern Ukraine, the Northern Caucasus, and Crimea into the Russian sphere of influence.
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Outbreak of the Russo-Circassian WarIn 1763, the Russian Empire invaded Circassia and occupied Mozdok, prompting the Circassian people to organize a resistance movement to preserve their independence, marking the beginning of the Russo-Circassian War. This conflict became the longest war in the history of the Caucasus and of Russia, ending in 1864 with the defeat of Circassian forces.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Heinrich Ambros Eckert / Public domain ↗
Construction of Butyrka PrisonIn 1771, construction began on a building in central Moscow originally intended as a barracks for Cossacks, which later became Butyrka Prison. It subsequently served as the central transit prison of Imperial Russia and held numerous political prisoners under the Soviet Union, and today remains Moscow's largest pretrial detention facility.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Butyrka_prison.jpg : Stanislav Kozlovskiy derivative work: V2k ( talk ) / CC BY-SA 3.0 ↗
Construction of Harewood House BeginsHarewood House, a country house in West Yorkshire, England, was built from 1759 to 1771 for slave owner Edwin Lascelles. Designed by John Carr and Robert Adam, its landscape by Lancelot Brown covers about 400 hectares.
North America
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American RevolutionThe American Revolution was a political and military struggle in the latter half of the 18th century, in which the Thirteen North American Colonies of Great Britain revolted against British rule and established the United States of America. The resistance began with colonial opposition to British taxation without parliamentary representation. The Battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775 opened the Revolutionary War, after which the Continental Congress created the Continental Army under General Washington. The Declaration of Independence was adopted in 1776. The decisive Siege of Yorktown in 1781 forced Britain to negotiate, culminating in the 1783 Treaty of Paris that recognized American independence.
East Asia
Construction begins on Putuo Zongcheng TempleQianlong Emperor’s Gelug Buddhist temple complex began construction in Chengde, taking about four years to complete. Modeled on the Potala Palace, it blends Chinese and Tibetan styles across 220,000 m², serving as one of the Eight Outer Temples and reflecting Qing efforts to conciliate Mongolian and Tibetan regions.
Central & South America
Founding of the Church of Saint Francis of Assisi in Ouro PretoA Rococo Catholic church in Ouro Preto, Brazil, began construction in 1766, designed by Brazilian architect and sculptor Aleijadinho. He was responsible for the structure and the interior carved decorations, which were completed only toward the end of the 19th century. Its circular bell towers and oculus closed by a relief were original features in Brazilian religious architecture of the time. The church was later inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list.
Around 1771
These are known only to the century, not to the year. They are listed separately so a rough date is never mistaken for an exact one.
- Founding of Kew Gardens
- Establishment of the British Convict System in Australia
- Completion of the Jantar Mantar observatory complex
- Emergence of the Enlightenment
- Creation of the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm
- Construction of Hwaseong Fortress Begins
- Construction of the Palace of Mafra begins
- Founding of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew