The world in
What happened in 1769?
8 events across 4 world regions, each with its sources.
Europe
- Industrial Revolution
A transition in manufacturing processes that began in Great Britain around the 1760s and spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840. It was marked by the replacement of human and animal power with machinery and of handicraft with factory production, signaling a historic shift from agrarian to industrial society.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
- Caucasian War
The Caucasian War was a 19th-century conflict of conquest by the Russian Empire against various peoples of the North Caucasus, lasting from 1817 to 1864. Imam Shamil led fierce resistance, repeatedly repelling Russian attacks, until the fall of Gunib and his capture in 1859. The war ended with the final subjugation of the Circassians and the annexation of the region in 1864.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
- Russo-Turkish War breaks out (1768)
In 1768, a major armed conflict broke out between the Russian and Ottoman Empires. Russian armies achieved a series of victories, bringing Southern Ukraine, the Northern Caucasus, and Crimea into the Russian sphere of influence.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
- Outbreak of the Russo-Circassian War
In 1763, the Russian Empire invaded Circassia and occupied Mozdok, prompting the Circassian people to organize a resistance movement to preserve their independence, marking the beginning of the Russo-Circassian War. This conflict became the longest war in the history of the Caucasus and of Russia, ending in 1864 with the defeat of Circassian forces.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
- Completion of the Puerta de Alcalá in Madrid
The Puerta de Alcalá was completed at the Plaza de la Independencia in Madrid, becoming a notable Neo-classical monument of the city. Its name derives from the old road to Alcalá de Henares.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
North America
- American Revolution
The American Revolution was a political and military struggle in the latter half of the 18th century, in which the Thirteen North American Colonies of Great Britain revolted against British rule and established the United States of America. The resistance began with colonial opposition to British taxation without parliamentary representation. The Battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775 opened the Revolutionary War, after which the Continental Congress created the Continental Army under General Washington. The Declaration of Independence was adopted in 1776. The decisive Siege of Yorktown in 1781 forced Britain to negotiate, culminating in the 1783 Treaty of Paris that recognized American independence.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
South Asia
- First Anglo-Mysore War begins
In 1767, the First Anglo-Mysore War broke out between the Sultanate of Mysore and the British East India Company in India. The conflict was partly instigated by the machinations of Asaf Jah II, the Nizam of Hyderabad, who aimed to divert the Company's attempts to gain control of the Northern Circars. The war lasted until 1769 and was the first of four Anglo-Mysore Wars.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
Central & South America
- Fort Church completed
The Fort Church was completed in 1769 within Fort Amsterdam in Willemstad, serving the United Protestant Community and still in use, with a museum in its basement.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
Around 1769
These are known only to the century, not to the year. They are listed separately so a rough date is never mistaken for an exact one.
- Founding of Kew Gardens
- Establishment of the British Convict System in Australia
- Completion of the Jantar Mantar observatory complex
- Emergence of the Enlightenment
- Creation of the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm
- Construction of Hwaseong Fortress Begins
- Construction of the Palace of Mafra begins
- Founding of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew