The world in
What happened in 1974?
18 events across 7 world regions, each with its sources.
West Asia
- Dhofar Rebellion
The Dhofar Rebellion was an armed conflict in Oman's Dhofar Governorate from 1962 to 1976, led by the Marxist-Leninist Dhofar Liberation Front against Sultan Said bin Taimur and British influence. The Omani government, backed by Britain and Iran, fought the rebels, who received support from South Yemen, the Soviet Union, and China, making it a Cold War proxy war. The rebellion ended in July 1976 with the Sultan's forces regaining full control.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
- 1974 Cypriot coup d'état
On 15 July 1974, the Cypriot National Guard executed a military coup with Greek support, ousting President Archbishop Makarios III and installing pro-Greek Nikos Sampson. The coup aimed at enosis (union with Greece) and immediately triggered the Turkish invasion, resulting in the de facto partition of Cyprus.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
1970s energy crisisBetween 1973 and 1980, the Western world experienced a severe energy crisis characterized by petroleum shortages and soaring prices. The crisis was triggered by two major events: the 1973 Yom Kippur War and the 1979 Iranian Revolution, both causing interruptions in Middle Eastern oil exports.
- Launch of Iran's White Revolution
On 26 January 1963, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran launched a series of far-reaching reforms known as the White Revolution. The program included land reform, women's enfranchisement, industrial growth, and public health improvements, aiming to modernize the country. The reform era ended with the Shah's overthrow in 1979.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
Europe
Cold WarAfter World War II, the Western Bloc led by the United States and the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union engaged in a nearly half-century-long political, economic, and military confrontation. Although the two superpowers never fought directly, they competed globally through proxy wars, an arms race, and the Space Race. The Cold War began in the late 1940s and ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: U.S. Army photo Photo Credit: USAMHI / Public domain ↗
Signing of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSROn December 30, 1922, the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was signed at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, officially establishing the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Plenipotentiary delegates from the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian, and Byelorussian Soviet republics signed the treaty, along with a declaration serving as its preamble. The treaty legally formalized the political union of the Soviet republics that had existed since 1919, creating a new federal government with centralized functions in Moscow. Legislative power was vested in the Congress of Soviets and the Central Executive Committee, while executive power lay with the Council of People's Commissars.
Carnation RevolutionOn 25 April 1974, a military coup in Portugal, known as the Carnation Revolution, overthrew Marcelo Caetano and the Estado Novo regime. The upheaval ended the authoritarian rule and set Portugal on a path to democracy, while also bringing the Portuguese Colonial War to an end.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Unknown author Unknown author / CC BY 4.0 ↗
Sub-Saharan Africa
Portuguese Colonial WarArmed conflicts took place between Portugal and independence movements in its African colonies from 1961 to 1974, primarily in Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique. The war stemmed from the Salazar regime's refusal to relinquish its colonial empire. It ended after the Carnation Revolution in Portugal in 1974 brought down the Estado Novo regime.
Beginning of the South African Border WarIn 1966, the South African Border War broke out across Namibia, Zambia, and Angola. It was fought between the South African Defence Force and the People's Liberation Army of Namibia, the armed wing of SWAPO. The conflict, closely tied to the Angolan Civil War, became one of Africa's largest wars since World War II.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: No machine-readable author provided. Ceresnet assumed (based on copyright claims). / CC BY-SA 2.5 ↗
Establishment of the University of OuagadougouA public university was established in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in the 1970s, later becoming a member of the International Forum of Public Universities. It comprises multiple training and research units and expanded to campuses in Bobo Dioulasso and Koudougou in the 1990s.
South Asia
Outbreak of the Vietnam WarIn 1955, armed conflict erupted between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), marking the start of the Vietnam War. This war was simultaneously a civil war, a Cold War proxy war, and a postcolonial independence conflict, with North Vietnam backed by the Soviet Union and China, and South Vietnam supported by the United States and other anti-communist nations. The fighting later spread to Laos and Cambodia, ending with all three countries under communist rule in 1975.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Department of Defense. Department of the Navy. U.S. Marine Corps. James K. F. Dung, SFC, Photographer Ronald L. Haeberle / Public domain ↗
Establishment of Gunung Mulu National ParkGunung Mulu National Park was established in 1974 in Miri Division, Sarawak, Malaysia, covering 528.64 km². The park is renowned for its caves, karst formations, and equatorial rainforest biodiversity. It was later designated as an ASEAN Heritage Park in 1984 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000, becoming the second natural World Heritage site in Malaysia.
SourcesUNESCO World Heritage listing ↗Wikipedia ↗Image: Juanita at the Japanese wikpedia / CC BY-SA 3.0 ↗
Discovery of 40,000-Year-Old Modern Human Remains in Niah CavesArchaeologists discovered modern human remains dating back around 40,000 years in the Niah Caves of Sarawak, Malaysia. The caves also contain paintings over 12,000 years old. They constitute a significant prehistoric archaeological site.
SourcesUNESCO World Heritage listing ↗Wikipedia ↗Image: Starlightchild / CC BY-SA 3.0 ↗
North America
- Emergence of the Personal Computer Concept
In the late 1970s, a new computer concept took shape. The personal computer, designed for individual use and direct operation by an end user, stood in contrast to mainframes and time-sharing systems. Its advent contributed to the Digital Revolution, significantly affecting people's lives and work.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Mexico City)The Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe is a Catholic basilica and national shrine of Mexico, located at the foot of Tepeyac Hill in northern Mexico City. Dedicated to Our Lady of Guadalupe, it commemorates the reported apparitions of the Virgin Mary to Saint Juan Diego at this site.
Central & South America
Nicaraguan RevolutionThe Nicaraguan Revolution was a revolutionary movement in Nicaragua from 1961 to 1990, led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front, aiming to overthrow the Somoza family dictatorship and, after its success in 1979, to carry out social and economic reforms.
- Los Katíos National Park Inscribed as World Heritage Site
Los Katíos National Park is located in northwest Colombia, part of the Darién Gap, and adjacent to Panama's Darién National Park. In 1994, it was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its extraordinary biodiversity. The park covers about 720 km², with elevations from 50 to 600 m, and about 25% of its bird species are considered rare in Colombia.
East Asia
Start of the Great Proletarian Cultural RevolutionIn 1966, CCP Chairman Mao Zedong launched the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Marked by the issuance of the May 16 Notification, the movement aimed to preserve communism by purging capitalist and traditional remnants. This nationwide sociopolitical movement lasted a decade and profoundly impacted Chinese society.
Around 1974
These are known only to the century, not to the year. They are listed separately so a rough date is never mistaken for an exact one.
- Beginning of the Digital Revolution
- Completion of the Taipei Grand Mosque
- Establishment of Women's Suffrage Worldwide
- Establishment of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park
- Construction of Grimeton Longwave Radio Station
- Construction of the Trans-Iranian Railway begins
- Construction of the 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright Begins
- Construction of the Historic Monuments of Dengfeng in 'The Centre of Heaven and Earth'