The world in
What happened in 1867?
12 events across 6 world regions, each with its sources.
Europe
Unification of ItalyThe unification of Italy, also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th-century political and social movement that consolidated various states of the Italian peninsula into the single Kingdom of Italy. On 17 March 1861 the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in Turin, and the process completed in 1871 with Rome as the capital, following its capture in 1870.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Sebastiano De Albertis / Public domain ↗
Signing of the Treaty of London (1867)On 11 May 1867, the Treaty of London (also called the Second Treaty of London) was signed in London. It granted Luxembourg full independence and neutrality. Concluded after the Austro-Prussian War and the Luxembourg Crisis, it had wide-reaching consequences for Luxembourg and relations among Europe's great powers.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Archives nationales du Luxembourg. Published under licence PD-0 - Public domain. / Public domain ↗
Construction of the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II beginsIn 1867, construction began on the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan. Designed by Giuseppe Mengoni, it connects Piazza del Duomo and Piazza della Scala, named after Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of a unified Italy.
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Founding of the National Museum of Archaeology of SpainIn the second half of the 19th century, Spain established the National Museum of Archaeology in Madrid, located next to Plaza de Colón and sharing a building with the National Library of Spain. It is one of Spain's national museums, attached to the Ministry of Culture.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Emilio J. Rodríguez Posada / CC BY-SA 2.0 ↗
North America
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Alaska PurchaseIn 1867, the United States purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire for $7.2 million. The treaty was signed on March 30, ratified by the U.S. Senate on May 15, and American sovereignty took legal effect on October 18. The deal was led by Secretary of State William H. Seward.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Edouard de Stoeckl and William H. Seward / Public domain ↗
Outbreak of the Caste War of YucatánIn 1847, the Indigenous Maya people of the Yucatán Peninsula launched an armed revolt against the Hispanic population, known as the Caste War. The uprising stemmed from the latter's political and economic dominance since the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, and it is considered one of the most successful modern Native American revolts. The conflict primarily unfolded between government forces in the northwest and independent Maya groups in the southeast, lasting nearly five decades.
Completion of Prospect ParkProspect Park was completed in Brooklyn, New York, managed by the Prospect Park Alliance and NYC Parks. Covering about 2.1 square kilometers, it is the second-largest public park in Brooklyn, situated among neighborhoods like Park Slope and Prospect Heights, and adjacent to the Brooklyn Museum and Brooklyn Botanic Garden.
Central & South America
Outbreak of the Paraguayan WarIn late 1864, armed conflict erupted between Paraguay and Brazil over the situation in Uruguay. In 1865, Argentina and Uruguay joined Brazil to form the Triple Alliance against Paraguay. This war was the deadliest inter-state conflict in Latin American history.
- Chilean occupation of Araucanía
Between 1861 and 1883, Chile incorporated the ancestral Mapuche territory of Araucanía through a series of military campaigns, agreements, and penetrations. Referred to by Chilean authorities as the 'Pacification of Araucanía'.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
East Asia
Self-Strengthening Movement BeginsQing officials launched the Self-Strengthening Movement in 1861, aiming to strengthen China by adopting Western military technology. Though lasting until 1895, its beginning marked the start of modern industrialization and military modernization in China.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Unknown author Unknown author / Public domain ↗
North Africa
French conquest of AlgeriaBetween 1830 and 1904, France launched a military invasion and prolonged war of conquest in Algeria. In June 1830, French forces landed near Algiers, quickly seizing the capital and coastal areas. Over the following decades, despite internal political strife, France repeatedly reinforced its military presence to suppress resistance in the interior, gradually extending control southward into the Sahara, and finalizing its colonial borders by 1904.
Oceania
New Zealand Wars outbreakThe New Zealand Wars broke out in 1845, a series of armed conflicts between the British colonial government and Māori. The root cause was disputes over the sale of Māori land to British settlers, with the conflicts lasting until 1872 across multiple campaigns.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: DO'Neil at English Wikipedia / CC BY-SA 3.0 ↗
Around 1867
These are known only to the century, not to the year. They are listed separately so a rough date is never mistaken for an exact one.
- Second Industrial Revolution
- Emergence of the Enlightenment
- Museum Island construction begins
- Completion of Dom Pedro V Theatre
- Establishment of Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Industrial Heritage
- Construction of Hôtel Solvay begins
- Founding of Kulangsu as an International Settlement
- Construction of the Four Hydraulic Boat Lifts on the Canal du Centre begins