The world in
What happened in 1836?
14 events across 5 world regions, each with its sources.
Europe
Unification of ItalyThe unification of Italy, also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th-century political and social movement that consolidated various states of the Italian peninsula into the single Kingdom of Italy. On 17 March 1861 the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in Turin, and the process completed in 1871 with Rome as the capital, following its capture in 1870.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Sebastiano De Albertis / Public domain ↗
University of London Founded by Royal CharterThe University of London was established by royal charter, initially as an examination board awarding degrees to students from University College London, King's College London, and other approved institutions. It is one of three institutions claiming to be England's third-oldest university, and later adopted a federal structure in 1900.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: An Siarach at English Wikipedia / Public domain ↗
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Caucasian WarThe Caucasian War was a 19th-century conflict of conquest by the Russian Empire against various peoples of the North Caucasus, lasting from 1817 to 1864. Imam Shamil led fierce resistance, repeatedly repelling Russian attacks, until the fall of Gunib and his capture in 1859. The war ended with the final subjugation of the Circassians and the annexation of the region in 1864.
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Outbreak of the Russo-Circassian WarIn 1763, the Russian Empire invaded Circassia and occupied Mozdok, prompting the Circassian people to organize a resistance movement to preserve their independence, marking the beginning of the Russo-Circassian War. This conflict became the longest war in the history of the Caucasus and of Russia, ending in 1864 with the defeat of Circassian forces.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Heinrich Ambros Eckert / Public domain ↗
Completion of the Arc de TriompheIn 1836, the Arc de Triomphe was completed at the Place Charles de Gaulle in Paris. Commissioned by Napoleon I in 1806 to commemorate the victory at Austerlitz, construction was halted and later resumed, ending under Louis-Philippe.
The Museo Correr opens in VeniceThe Museo Correr opens on the upper floors of the Procuratorie Nuove in St. Mark's Square, Venice. It is one of 11 civic museums run by the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia, with collections covering Venetian art and history.
Foundation of the Old Royal Palace in AthensIn 1836, the foundation stone of the Old Royal Palace was laid in central Athens, marking the start of construction of the first royal palace of modern Greece. This neoclassical building, facing Syntagma Square, was completed in 1843 and initially served as the main residence of the Greek royal family. Its function later evolved, and it eventually became the seat of the Hellenic Parliament in the 20th century.
North America
Battle of San JacintoOn April 21, 1836, in the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution, Sam Houston's Texan army defeated Santa Anna's Mexican forces in just 18 minutes. Hundreds of Mexican soldiers were killed or captured, while the Texans suffered only 39 casualties. The victory secured Texas independence.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Henry Arthur McArdle / Public domain ↗
Second Seminole WarThe Second Seminole War began in 1835 in Florida between the United States and Seminole groups. Fought mostly in small engagements, it lasted until 1842 and is considered the US's longest and most costly Indian war. No peace treaty was ever signed.
Battle of the AlamoThe Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal engagement in the Texas Revolution. From February 23 to March 6, 1836, the Alamo Mission near San Antonio endured a 13-day siege. Mexican troops led by Antonio López de Santa Anna then assaulted and reclaimed the site. The action became widely recognized for its central place in the course of the revolution.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Robert Jenkins Onderdonk / Public domain ↗
Outbreak of the Toledo WarThe Toledo War broke out in 1835 as a boundary dispute between the U.S. state of Ohio and the Michigan Territory over the Toledo Strip. The conflict centered on the Maumee River's mouth, valued for shipping and farmland. It was almost bloodless.
North Africa
French conquest of AlgeriaBetween 1830 and 1904, France launched a military invasion and prolonged war of conquest in Algeria. In June 1830, French forces landed near Algiers, quickly seizing the capital and coastal areas. Over the following decades, despite internal political strife, France repeatedly reinforced its military presence to suppress resistance in the interior, gradually extending control southward into the Sahara, and finalizing its colonial borders by 1904.
Oceania
Musket WarsThe Musket Wars were a series of large-scale armed conflicts among Māori tribes in early 19th-century New Zealand, involving up to 3,000 battles and raids from around 1807 to 1842. Sparked by an intertribal arms race following the acquisition of muskets, the wars sought territorial gain or revenge, causing tens of thousands of casualties and enslavements, profoundly altering tribal boundaries, and influencing later New Zealand Wars.
SourcesWikipedia ↗Image: Merrett, Joseph Jenner, 1816-1854. / Public domain ↗
Central & South America
- War of the Confederation breaks out
From 1836 to 1839, the War of the Confederation took place in South America. Chile and the Argentine Confederation opposed the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, seeing it as a threat to their interests. The United Restoration Army prevailed, leading to the Confederation's dissolution and the restoration of Peru and Bolivia.
SourcesWikipedia ↗
Around 1836
These are known only to the century, not to the year. They are listed separately so a rough date is never mistaken for an exact one.
- Emergence of the Enlightenment
- Museum Island construction begins
- Completion of Dom Pedro V Theatre
- Establishment of Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Industrial Heritage
- Construction of Hôtel Solvay begins
- Founding of Kulangsu as an International Settlement
- Construction of the Four Hydraulic Boat Lifts on the Canal du Centre begins
- Founding of Nelson's Dockyard